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2.
Med. infant ; 30(2): 102-106, Junio 2023. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1443445

ABSTRACT

La faringoamigdalitis es uno de los motivos más frecuentes de consulta en pediatría. Aproximadamente un 70-80% de las faringoamigdalitis son de etiología viral. El 20-30% restante son de origen bacteriano. El agente causal más frecuente es Streptococcus pyogenes (estreptococo ß-hemolítico del grupo A). El rol de Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis, (estreptococos ß-hemolíticos grupos C y G) fue claramente establecido como agente etiológico en la faringitis bacteriana, tanto en niños como en adultos. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y retrospectivo entre enero 2018 y diciembre de 2021. Se evaluó la prevalencia de faringitis estreptocócica, la edad, el período estacional, los agentes etiológicos y la resistencia a macrólidos durante los períodos pre-COVID-19 (2018-2019) y COVID-19 (2020-2021). Se analizaron 11 396 muestras de exudados de fauces de pacientes con sospecha de faringitis bacteriana; las mismas se procesaron mediante el uso de técnicas microbiológicas convencionales. En el período estudiado el porcentaje de positividad de los cultivos de exudados de fauces se mantuvo constante. Al comparar los períodos pre-COVID-19 (2018-2019) y COVID-19 (2020-2021) se observó una disminución en el número de aislados de S. pyogenes con un aumento de S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis, mientras que la resistencia a macrólidos encontrada fue superior en S. pyogenes y para S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis se mantuvo constante. Es importante realizar el cultivo para la identificación del agente etiológico y determinar la sensibilidad antibióticapara continuar con la vigilancia epidemiológica de la resistencia a los macrólidos, porque representan una opción en pacientes alérgicos a ß-lactámicos (AU)


Pharyngotonsillitis is one of the most frequent reasons for consultation in children. Approximately 70-80% of pharyngotonsillitis are of viral etiology. The remaining 20-30% are bacterial in origin. The most frequent causative agent is Streptococcus pyogenes (group A ß-hemolytic streptococcus). Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (ß-hemolytic streptococcus groups C and G) was clearly established as an etiologic agent in bacterial pharyngitis in both children and adults. A descriptive and retrospective analysis was conducted between January 2018 and December 2021. The prevalence of streptococcal pharyngitis, age, seasonal period, etiologic agents, and macrolide resistance during the pre-COVID-19 (2018-2019) and COVID-19 (2020-2021) periods were evaluated. We analyzed 11 396 specimens of swabs from patients with suspected bacterial pharyngitis. Conventional microbiological techniques were used. In the study period, the percentage of positivity of swab cultures remained constant. When comparing the preCOVID-19 (2018-2019) and COVID-19 (2020-2021) periods, a decrease in the number of S. pyogenes isolates was observed with an increase in S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis, while the resistance to macrolides found was higher for S. pyogenes and remained constant for S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis. The identification of the etiologic agent and determination of antibiotic sensitivity are important for epidemiological surveillance of macrolide resistance, as they are a treatment option in patients who are allergic to ß-lactams (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Streptococcal Infections/epidemiology , Pharyngitis/etiology , Pharyngitis/epidemiology , Macrolides/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , COVID-19 , Streptococcus pyogenes/isolation & purification , Retrospective Studies
3.
Arch. pediatr. Urug ; 94(1): e201, 2023. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1420110

ABSTRACT

Introducción: las infecciones estreptocócicas pueden presentarse con fiebre, inflamación faringoamigdalina con o sin exudados, petequias en el paladar, adenitis cervical, exantema escarlatiniforme y / o dolor abdominal. Resulta útil en área de urgencia disponer de pruebas de detección rápida de antígenos de S. pyogenes (DRASP) de alta especificidad y sensibilidad algo menor. Objetivos: conocer la utilidad de un test de DRASP en 2 servicios de Urgencia Pediátrica, describiendo las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes estudiados durante el período de la investigación y su correlación con el cultivo de exudado faríngeo mediante el cálculo de sensibilidad (S), especificidad (E), valor predictivo positivo (VPP) y valor predictivo negativo (VPN). Material y métodos: estudio prospectivo, observacional, transversal en dos servicios de emergencia pediátrica. Se incluyeron niños a los que se les realizó DRASP y exudado faríngeo (EF) entre el 14 de febrero y el 13 de abril de 2018. Se registró: sexo, edad, motivo de consulta, diagnóstico, tratamiento, destino, resultado del test y de cultivo faríngeo. Se calcularon S, E, VPP y VPN. Resultados: n=241 niños. Rango 8 meses - 14 años, media 6 años. Consultaron por fiebre 103 niños (42,7%); por odinofagia 48, por erupción 11 y 47 por otros síntomas. Al 95% de los niños se le otorgó el alta. DRASP negativos 87,6% (N: 211) y positivos 12,9% (N: 31). EF negativos 80,1% (n: 193) y positivos para SßHGA en 13,7% (n: 33). La sensibilidad de la prueba fue del 52% y su especificidad del 93%. El VPP 55% y el negativo 92%. El diagnóstico más frecuente fue faringitis viral 132 (54,7%). Conclusiones: el test se aplicó fundamentalmente a escolares febriles, algunos con odinofagia. Contribuye a diferenciar en forma rápida la etiología y habilita a no usar antibióticos en caso de resultado negativo. Estos resultados avalan el uso de DRASP en la urgencia pediátrica.


Introduction: streptococcal infections can show fever, pharyngotonsillar inflammation with or without swabs, palatal petechiae, cervical adenitis, scarlatiniform rash and/or abdominal pain. Rapid detection tests for S. pyogenes antigens (DRASP) with high specificity and somewhat lower sensitivity are a useful at the Emergency Ward. Objectives: know the usefulness of a DRASP test in 2 Pediatric Emergency, describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the patients studied during the research period and its correlation with the culture of pharyngeal exudates by calculating sensitivity (S) , specificity (S), positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Material and Methods: prospective, observational, cross-sectional study carried out in two pediatric emergency wards. We included children who underwent DRASP and pharyngeal swab (PS) between February 14 and April 13, 2018. The following data were recorded: sex, age, reason for consultation, diagnosis, treatment, destination, test results and throat cultures. S, S, PPV and NPV were calculated. Results: n=241 children. Range 8 months - 14 years, average 6 years. 103 children (42.7%) consulted due to fever; 48 due to sore throat, 11 due to rash and 47 due to other symptoms. 95% of children were discharged. DRASP negative 87.6% (N: 211) and positive 12.9% (N: 31). Negative EP 80.1% (n: 193) and positive for SßHGA in 13.7% (n: 33). The test sensitivity was 52% and specificity 93%. The PPV 55% and the negative 92%. The most frequent diagnosis was viral pharyngitis 132 (54.7%). Conclusions: the test was applied mainly to febrile schoolchildren, some with odynophagia. A quick etiology differentiation is helpful, since it prevents antibiotics from being used in the event of a negative result. These results support the use of DRASP in pediatric emergency wards.


Introdução: as infecções estreptocócicas manifestam-se com febre, inflamação faringotonsilar com ou sem exsudado, petéquias palatinas, adenite cervical, erupção cutânea escarlatiniforme e/ou dor abdominal. Nos serviços de emergência é útil realizar testes de detecção rápida para antígenos de S. pyogenes (DRASP) com alta especificidade e sensibilidade um pouco mais baixa Objetivos: conhecer a utilidade do teste DRASP em 2 Emergências Pediátricas, descrever as características clínicas e epidemiológicas dos pacientes estudados durante o período da pesquisa e sua correlação com a cultura de exsudatos faríngeos por meio do cálculo de sensibilidade (S) , especificidade (S), positivo valor preditivo (VPP) e valor preditivo negativo (VPN). Material e métodos: estudo prospectivo, observacional, transversal, realizado em duas unidades de emergência pediátrica. Foram incluídas crianças que realizaram DRASP e swab faríngeo (PS) entre 14 de fevereiro e 13 de abril de 2018. Foram registrados os seguintes dados: sexo, idade, motivo da consulta, diagnóstico, tratamento, destino, resultados de exames e culturas de garganta. S, S, VPP e VPN foram calculados. Resultados: n=241 crianças. Faixa 8 meses - 14 anos, média 6 anos. 103 crianças (42,7%) consultadas por febre; 48 por dor de garganta, 11 por erupção cutânea e 47 por outros sintomas. 95% das crianças receberam alta. DRASP negativo 87,6% (N: 211) e positivo 12,9% (N: 31). EP negativo 80,1% (n: 193) e positivo para SßHGA em 13,7% (n: 33). A sensibilidade do teste foi de 52% e a especificidade de 93%. O PPV 55% e o negativo 92%. O diagnóstico mais frequente foi faringite viral 132 (54,7%). Conclusões: o teste foi aplicado principalmente em escolares febris, alguns com odinofagia. A rápida diferenciação etiológica é útil, pois evita o uso de antibióticos em caso de resultado negativo. Esses resultados apoiam o uso do DRASP em enfermarias de emergência pediátrica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Streptococcal Infections/diagnosis , Streptococcus pyogenes/isolation & purification , Deglutition Disorders/diagnosis , Pharyngitis/diagnosis , Streptococcal Infections/microbiology , Deglutition Disorders/microbiology , Pharyngitis/microbiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , Emergency Service, Hospital , Exudates and Transudates/microbiology
4.
Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ; (12): 333-338, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-981959

ABSTRACT

At the end of 2022, the World Health Organization reported an increase in group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections, such as scarlet fever, in multiple countries. The outbreak primarily affected children under 10 years old, and the number of deaths was higher than anticipated, causing international concern. This paper reviews the current state of the GAS disease outbreak, its causes, and response measures. The authors aim to draw attention from clinical workers in China and increase their awareness and vigilance regarding this epidemic. Healthcare workers should be aware of the potential epidemiological changes in infectious diseases that may arise after the optimization of control measures for coronavirus disease 2019 to ensure children's health.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Streptococcus pyogenes , COVID-19/epidemiology , Streptococcal Infections/epidemiology , Scarlet Fever/epidemiology , Epidemics , Disease Outbreaks
5.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 39(2): 126-131, abr. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388349

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: En neonatos y lactantes bajo 90 días de vida la fiebre constituye un signo clínico relevante ya que puede corresponder a una infección bacteriana grave, por lo que se toman hemocultivos de forma rutinaria y el paciente es hospitalizado. Aún no existe una recomendación respecto al tiempo de observación necesario una vez internado el paciente. OBJETIVO: Describir las bacterias aisladas en hemocultivos de lactantes bajo 90 días de vida hospitalizados por fiebre y el tiempo de detección de crecimiento microbiano en los mismos. ¨MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo. Se revisaron hemocultivos positivos tomados entre 2014 y 2016 en neonatos y lactantes < 90 días de edad. Se obtuvieron las identificaciones, tiempo de positividad de las bacterias, así como datos clínicos, de laboratorio y demográficos. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 172 hemocultivos positivos, 51 cumplían los criterios de inclusión. De éstos, 21 microorganismos fueron patógenos (Escherichia coli: 10, Streptococcus agalactiae: 3, Streptococcus pyogenes: 3, otros: 5) y 30 se consideraron contaminación, principalmente Staphylococcus coagulasa negativa. En relación al total de la muestra, la mediana del tiempo de positividad fue de 10 h. A las 24 h de cultivo se detectó crecimiento bacteriano en 94% de la muestra. CONCLUSIÓN: Las bacterias patógenas aisladas en los hemocultivos de pacientes < 90 días de edad, que ingresaron con fiebre, corresponden principalmente a bacilos gramnegativos y estreptococos. Todos los patógenos aislados fueron detectados antes de 24 h de incubación.


BACKGROUND: Fever in infants younger than 90 days may reflect a serious bacterial infection, so blood cultures (BC) are taken routinely and the patient is hospitalized. The observation time to detect occult bacteremia is not well established. AIM: To describe type and positivity time of isolated bacteria in blood cultures in infants under 90 days admitted for fever. METHODS: Retrospective, descriptive study. Positive blood cultures taken between 2014-2016 in young infants admitted for fever were included. Identification and time of positivity of each bacteria, clinical, laboratory and demographic data were recorded. Demographic variables and the clinical outcome was obtained. RESULTS: There were 172 positive blood cultures, only 51 met inclusion criteria. Of these, 21 microorganisms were pathogenic (Escherichia coli: 10, Streptococcus agalactiae: 3, Streptococcus pyogenes: 3, others: 5) and 30 were considered contamination, mainly coagulase negative Staphylococcus. In relation to the total sample, the median time of positivity was 10 hrs. At 24 hours of culture, bacterial growth was detected in 94% of the sample. CONCLUSION: The pathogenic bacteria isolated in the blood cultures of patients younger than 90 days who were admitted with fever correspond mainly to Gram negative bacilli and streptococci. All isolated pathogens were detected before 24 h of incubation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child , Bacteremia/diagnosis , Bacteremia/microbiology , Streptococcus agalactiae , Streptococcus pyogenes , Retrospective Studies , Escherichia coli , Fever , Hospitals
6.
Rev. Hosp. Niños B.Aires ; 64(284): 15-18, 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1391798

ABSTRACT

El Streptococcus pyogenes o estreptococo B hemolítico Grupo A (EßHGA) suele ser una causa poco habitual de enfermedad invasiva en pediatría, la cual ha presentado un aumento en su incidencia en los últimos años. Se define como cualquier infección asociada al aislamiento de dicha bacteria de un sitio normalmente estéril y cuya presentación más frecuente es la bacteriemia. Los pacientes con EßHGA habitualmente se presentan con un sindrome febril asociado a manifestaciones clínicas relacionadas con el sitio primario de infección. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 10 años, sin comorbilidades, que desarrolló enfermedad invasiva por EßHGA con bacteriemia e impacto secundario de piel y partes blandas resultando en una celulitis de manos bilateral


Streptococcus pyogenes or Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is an infrequent cause of invasive disease in pediatrics. Its incidence has increased in the last few years. It is defined as any infection associated with the isolation of GAS in a normally sterile site and its most frequent presentation is bacteremia. Patients with GAS bacteremia usually present with a febrile syndrome associated with clinical manifestations related to the primary site of infection. We present the case of a previously healthy, 10-year-old patient, who developed an invasive disease due to GAS with bacteremia and secondary impact of skin and soft tissues that developed in bilateral cellulitis of the hands


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Streptococcal Infections/diagnosis , Streptococcus pyogenes/isolation & purification , Bacteremia/diagnosis , Cellulite/microbiology , Streptococcal Infections/therapy , Bacteremia/therapy , Erythema/microbiology , Cellulite/diagnosis , Cellulite/therapy
7.
Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B ; (12): 382-391, 2022.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-929068

ABSTRACT

The application of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas) can be limited due to a lack of compatible protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequences in the DNA regions of interest. Recently, SpRY, a variant of Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9), was reported, which nearly completely fulfils the PAM requirement. Meanwhile, PAMs for SpRY have not been well addressed. In our previous study, we developed the PAM Definition by Observable Sequence Excision (PAM-DOSE) and green fluorescent protein (GFP)‍-reporter systems to study PAMs in human cells. Herein, we endeavored to identify the PAMs of SpRY with these two methods. The results indicated that 5'-NRN-3', 5'-NTA-3', and 5'-NCK-3' could be considered as canonical PAMs. 5'-NCA-3' and 5'-NTK-3' may serve as non-priority PAMs. At the same time, PAM of 5'-NYC-3' is not recommended for human cells. These findings provide further insights into the application of SpRY for human genome editing.


Subject(s)
Humans , CRISPR-Associated Protein 9/metabolism , CRISPR-Cas Systems , DNA , Gene Editing/methods , Streptococcus pyogenes/metabolism
8.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 81(4): 559-562, dic. 2021. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389807

ABSTRACT

Las adenopatías cervicales benignas en lactantes son relativamente frecuentes, se definen como el aumento de volumen ganglionar de más de 1 cm, sin síntomas sistémicos y cuando están presentes, el término correcto es adenitis. Para su estudio, las adenitis se dividen en: locales, sistémicas, unilaterales, bilaterales, agudas, crónicas, y por edad, con diferentes etiologías. Se presenta el caso clínico de un lactante de 11 meses de edad con diagnóstico de adenitis cervical abscedada unilateral aguda, con cuadro de 72 h de evolución, con crecimiento constante a nivel cervical derecho, compromiso del estado general, fiebre y anorexia, por lo que se inician antibióticos de primera línea para los agentes bacterianos más frecuentes (Staphylococcus aureus y Streptococcus pyogenes), con evolución tórpida a las 48 h, por lo que se solicita ultrasonido cervical, ya que la familia no contaba con recursos para solicitar cultivo o tomografía, reportando el ultrasonido ganglio cervical de 3,5 cm de diámetro abscedado, por lo que se agrega cobertura para anaerobios, con respuesta muy favorable a las 24 h. Queda la duda del origen de los anaerobios en la paciente, sin antecedentes de importancia y en grupo etario diferente al afectado por esos gérmenes. Consideramos este caso interesante por su comportamiento atípico, para el enriquecimiento del ejercicio de la otorrinolaringología, recalcando el invaluable apoyo de la clínica y solo con un ultrasonido, ya que no siempre se tendrán todos los recursos disponibles, pero siguiendo las pautas de lo reportado en la literatura, se tuvo una resolución exitosa.


Benign cervical lymphadenopathies in infants are relatively frequent, they are defined as an increase in lymph node volume of more than 1 cm, without systemic symptoms, and when they are present, the correct term is adenitis. For its study, adenitis is divided into: local, systemic, unilateral, bilateral, acute, chronic, and by age, with different etiologies. An 11-month-old infant with a diagnosis of acute unilateral abscessed cervical adenitis, with a 72 h evolution, with constant growth at the right cervical level, fever and anorexia, for which first-line antibiotics were started to the most frequent bacterial agents (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes), with torpid evolution at 48 h, for which only cervical ultrasound is requested, since the family did not have the resources to request culture or tomography, reporting the cervical ganglion ultrasound of 3.5 cm of abscessed diameter, so coverage for anaerobes is added, with a very favorable response at 24 hrs. There remains the doubt of the origin of the anaerobes in the patient, without important antecedents and in an age group different from that affected by these germs. We consider this case interesting due to its atypical behavior, for the enrichment of the otolaryngology exercise, emphasizing the invaluable support of the clinic, and only with an ultrasound, since other clinical tools were not available, but following the guidelines of what is reported in literature, there was a successful resolution.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Lymphadenopathy/drug therapy , Lymphadenopathy/diagnostic imaging , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcal Infections/drug therapy , Streptococcus pyogenes , Cefuroxime/therapeutic use , Ultrasonography/methods , Metronidazole/therapeutic use
9.
Vitae (Medellín) ; 28(2): 1-8, 2021-05-18. Ilustraciones
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1363196

ABSTRACT

Background: "Dividivi" Caesalpinia coriaria (Jacq.) Willd fruits are traditionally used by the Wayuú community in La Guajira (Colombia) to treat oral and skin cavity diseases caused by bacteria and fungi. Streptococcus pyogenes is a gram-positive cocci of group A (beta-hemolytic) that is the cause of pharyngeal disease, scarlet fever, cellulitis, erysipelas, or toxic shock-like syndrome. Alternatively, Candida albicans is a yeast-like fungus that is a normal flora of the digestive tract, vagina, or skin folds; it has been known to be the root cause of opportunistic diseases such as diaper rash, oral and esophagus thrush, or vulvovaginitis. Objective: This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of methanolic and ethanolic extracts of C. coriaria (Jacq.) Willddry fruits on S. pyogenes ATCC 12384andC. albicans ATTC 14053. Method: C. coriaria extracts were obtained from the Soxhlet method using two solvents (methanol and ethanol 98%) prepared from pulverized fruits. A phytochemical test and an antimicrobial activity assay were performed using the obtained extracts and tested using S. pyogenes ATCC 12384 and C. albicans ATTC 14053 strains. Results: A phytochemical profile was performed, examining the presence of bioactive metabolites (tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, and anthraquinones) from each extract. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests showed that the ethanolic extract inhibited S. pyogenes ATCC 12384,causing inhibition halos of 14.1 ± 0.1 mm and a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 172 mg/ml, and C. albicans test shows inhibition halos of 16.1 ± 0.2 mm and MIC of 212 mg/ml. Additionally, the methanolic extract inhibited S. pyogenes with inhibition halos of 15.2 ± 0.2 mm and MIC of 152 mg/ml; no inhibitory effect was observed on C. albicans.Conclusion: This study revealed that C. coriaria has an antimicrobial effect on the tested species opening the field of its possible use as a therapeutic agent


Introducción: Los frutos del "Dividivi" Caesalpinia coriaria (Jacq.) Willd son usados tradicionalmente por la comunidad indígena Wayuú en La Guajira (Colombia) para el tratamiento de enfermedades de la cavidad bucal y cutáneas ocasionadas por bacterias y hongos. Streptococcuspyogenes es un coco grampositivo del grupo A (beta-hemolítico) que es la causa de enfermedad faríngea, escarlatina, celulitis, erisipela o síndrome tipo shock tóxico. Candida albicans es un hongo levaduriforme que es flora normal del tracto digestivo, la vagina o los pliegues de la piel; se sabe que es la causa principal de enfermedades oportunistas como la dermatitis del pañal, aftas bucales y esofágicas, o vulvovaginitis. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la actividad antimicrobiana de extractos metanólicos y etanólicos de frutos secos sobre microorganismos patógenos específicamente S. pyogenes ATCC 12384yC. albicansATTC 14053. Método: A partir de frutos polverizados de C. coriaria, usando el método Soxlet, se evaluaron dos solventes (metanol y etanol al 98%), los cuales, fueron usados para estudiar su actividad antimicrobiana evaluando su efecto en cepas de S. pyogenes ATCC 12384 y C. albicans ATTC 14053. Resultados: Mediante un perfil fitoquímico se determinó la presencia de grupos de metabolitos secundarios con compuestos bioactivos (taninos, alcaloides, glucósidos, saponinas, y antraquinonas). Las pruebas de sensibilidad antimicrobiana mostraron que el extracto etanólico tuvo un efecto inhibidor sobre S. pyogenesATCC 12384 con halos de inhibición de 14.1 ± 0.1 mm y una concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI) de 172 mg/mL, y sobre C. albicans se presentaron halos de inhibición de 16.1 ± 0.2 mm y CMI de 212 mg/mL, mientras que el extracto metanólico tuvo un efecto inhibidor sobre S. pyogenes con halos de inhibición de 15.2 ± 0.2 mm y CMI de 152 mg/mL no se observó efecto inhibidor sobre C. albicans. Conclusión: Este estudio demostró que C. coriaria tiene efecto antimicrobiano en las especies evaluadas, abriendo un campo de investigación en la evaluación de su uso como agente terapéutico


Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Infective Agents , Skin Diseases , Streptococcus pyogenes , Candida albicans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Mouth Diseases
10.
Med. infant ; 28(1): 38-42, Marzo 2021. Tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1283476

ABSTRACT

Últimamente, se están detectando mutaciones en las proteínas ligadoras de penicilina (PBP) de los estreptococos beta-hemolíticos que corresponden a sitios que en Streptococcus pneumoniae han determinado sensibilidad disminuida a los antibióticos beta-lactámicos. Primero, se describieron cepas con sensibilidad intermedia a penicilina en Streptococcus agalactiae (estreptococos del grupo B), luego en Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (mayormente grupos C y G) y, más recientemente, cepas con sensibilidad disminuida a aminopenicilinas y cefalosporinas de tercera generación en Streptococcus pyogenes (grupo A). El costo biológico de estas modificaciones nos permite pensar que los niveles de resistencia no han de ser tan elevados como para comprometer por ahora la efectividad clínica de los beta-lactámicos (AU)


Recently, mutations in penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) of beta-hemolytic streptococci have been detected corresponding to sites that in Streptococcus pneumoniae have been determined to have decreased sensitivity to beta-lactam antibiotics. First, strains with intermediate sensitivity to penicillin were described in Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococci), subsequently in Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (mainly groups C and G) and, more recently, strains with decreased sensitivity to third-generation aminopenicillins and cephalosporins were found in Streptococcus pyogenes (group A). The biological cost of these modifications suggests that, for now, resistance levels are not high enough to compromise the clinical effectiveness of beta-lactams (AU)


Subject(s)
Streptococcus agalactiae/drug effects , Streptococcus pyogenes/drug effects , Penicillin Resistance , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , beta-Lactam Resistance , beta-Lactams/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
11.
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology ; (12): 1385-1395, 2021.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-878640

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) has become a powerful genome editing tool, but has a limited range of recognizable protospacer adjacent motifs (PAMs) and shows off-target effects. To address these issues, we present a rational approach to optimize the xCas9 mutant derived from SpCas9 by directed evolution. Firstly, energy minimization with the Rosetta program was applied to optimize the three-dimensional structure of Cas9 to obtain the lowest energy conformation. Subsequently, combinatorial mutations were designed based on the mutations sites of xCas9 acquired during the directed evolution. Finally, optimal mutants were selected from the designed mutants by free energy ranking and subjected to experimental verification. A new mutant yCas9 (262A/324R/409N/480K/543D/694L/1219T) with multiple PAM recognition ability and low off-target effects was obtained and verified by DNA cleavage experiments. This mutant recognizes the NG, GAA and GAT PAMs and shows low off-target DNA cleavage activity guided by mismatched sgRNA, thus provides a gene editing tool with potential applications in biomedical field. Furthermore, we performed molecular dynamics simulations on the structures of SpCas9, xCas9 and yCas9 to reveal the mechanisms of their PAM recognition and off-target effects. These may provide theoretical guidance for further optimization and modification of CRISPR/Cas9 proteins.


Subject(s)
CRISPR-Associated Protein 9/metabolism , CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics , Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats , Gene Editing , /genetics , Streptococcus pyogenes/metabolism
12.
Rev. colomb. ortop. traumatol ; 35(2): 198-203, 2021. ilus.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1378613

ABSTRACT

La presentación de poliartritis séptica en un paciente inmunocompetente es infrecuente, aún más lo es la presentación de la mencionada junto con fascitis necrotizante en el contexto de infección por Streptococcus Pyogenes (SP). Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 54 años, recluido, sin antecedentes médicos relevantes, inmunocompetente, quien debuta con un cuadro clínico de poliartritis séptica en rodilla bilateral y tobillo izquierdo. Recibe manejo con múltiples lavados y desbridamientos quirúrgicos, desarrolla fascitis necrotizante de la cara posterior de la pierna izquierda, recibe a su vez manejo quirúrgico para dicha condición (incluyendo aplicación de terapia de vacío), al igual que antibioticoterapia enfocada al manejo del germen aislado (Penicilina + vancomicina). Sin embargo, tras un mes de manejo conjunto con servicios de Cirugía Plástica, Dermatología, Ortopedia, así como vigilancia en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, termina con un desenlace fatal tras presentar falla multiorgánica. La infección por el SP puede resultar en una elevada morbilidad para él paciente e incluso un desenlace mortal secundario a un compromiso sistémico de muy difícil manejo. El diagnóstico oportuno, así como un tratamiento médico y quirúrgico agresivo pueden no ser suficientes para el control de la infección, incluso en pacientes sin compromiso inmunológico previo. Asimismo, un enfoque multidisciplinario debe corresponder al estándar de manejo con el fin de controlar aquellas condiciones predisponentes de infección. Este es el primer caso reportado en la literatura nacional en relación con estas dos fatales condiciones. Finalmente se pretende resaltar que a pesar de que esta infección suele comprometer infantes y pacientes inmunocomprometidos, no se debe obviar su diagnóstico en pacientes previamente sanos, especialmente en casos de infecciones de rápida diseminación y poca respuesta al manejo adecuado.


Septic polyarthritis in an immunocompetent patient is highly rare, even more when it coexists with necrotizing fasciitis caused by Streptococcus Pyogenes (SP). A 54 year old, immunocompetent male patient is presented herein. The patient had no relevant previous illness, before the installation of a septic arthritis of both knees and he's left ankle. He receives treatment with sequential surgical debridement, then develops necrotizing fasciitis of the posterior aspect of the left leg requiring adequate treatment for such condition (including Vacuum Assisted Closure), as well as antibiotic therapy for the specific infecting microorganism (Penicillin + Vancomycin). Nonetheless, after a month of surgical management between Plastic Surgery, Dermatology, Orthopaedics as well as surveillance in the Intensive Care Unit, the patient dies after multi organic failure. Infection caused by SP might entail high morbidity for a patient and even end with death of the aforementioned caused by a hard to manage systemic organic failure. The adequate diagnosis, as well as aggressive medical and surgical management could not be enough for controlling the infection, even in patients without previous immunological compromise. At the same time, a multidisciplinary approach must be the standard of treatment, aiming to control predisposing infectious conditions. This is the first case reported in national literature related to these two fatal conditions. Finally, one of the purposes of this report is to highlight that despite reports of this microorganism infecting infants and immunocompromised patients, it must not be obviated in healthy patients, especially in cases of rapidly spreading infection and scarce response to adequate management.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Arthritis, Infectious , Arthritis , Streptococcus pyogenes , Fasciitis, Necrotizing , Adult
13.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 52(4): 11-20, dic. 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1340916

ABSTRACT

Abstract Invasive Streptococcus pyogenes diseases represent the most severe form of infection produced by this microorganism. Early diagnosis and treatment are important, due to its potential severity. Etiological confirmation of invasive infection is performed by culture, which takes between 18 and 48 h. We tested a rapid immunochromatographic assay directly from clinical samples from normally sterile sites and positive blood culture bottles when pos-itive cocci chains were observed by Gram staining. Eighty samples were analyzed. The rapid test was positive in 35 samples: in 34 of them S. pyogenes was confirmed by culture. The immunochromatographic method showed 97.1% sensitivity and 97.8% specificity. The strept A® immunochromatographic rapid test allows to obtain reliable results in less than 10min and is accessible to any microbiology laboratory. This study demonstrates the potential use of a rapid immunochromatographic method directly from clinical samples and positive blood cultures.


Resumen La enfermedad invasiva por Streptococcus pyogenes representa la forma más grave de infección producida por este microorganismo y requiere un rápido diagnóstico, a fin de instaurar un tratamiento adecuado. La confirmación etiológica de esta infección se realiza por cultivo, lo que puede llevar entre 18 y 48 h. En este estudio ensayamos una prueba inmunocromatográfica rápida directamente de muestras clínicas de sitios normalmente estériles y de botellas de hemocultivos positivos cuando la coloración de Gram evidenció cocos gram positivos en cadena. Se analizaron 80 muestras. La prueba rápida fue positiva en 35 muestras: en 34 de ellas se confirmó la presencia de S. pyogenes por cultivo. La sensibilidad y la especificidad de la prueba fueron del 97,1 y el 97,8%, respectivamente. La prueba inmunocromatográfica rápida monteBIO Strep A® permite obtener resultados confiables en menos de 10 min y es accesible para cualquier laboratorio de microbiología. Este estudio demuestra la utilidad de dicha prueba para ser practicada directamente en muestras clínicas y botellas de hemocultivos positivos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Streptococcal Infections , Streptococcus pyogenes , Streptococcal Infections/diagnosis , Immunoassay , Chromatography, Affinity , Sensitivity and Specificity , Diagnostic Tests, Routine
14.
Rev. Ciênc. Méd. Biol. (Impr.) ; 19(2): 270-275, set 24, 2020. tab, fig
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1358164

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Cucurbita pepo L. is an herbaceous plant belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae. The species is popularly used in different countries for the treatment of diabetes and parasitic diseases. Objective: This study evaluated the antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential of aqueous extracts of leaves and seeds of C. pepo. Methodology: the extracts were tested in vitro against strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, Candida albicans and Candida krusei. The antimicrobial activity was performed by the microtiter method and the antibiofilm activity by the violet crystal method. Results: the results demonstrated that the extracts tested showed antibacterial and antibiofilm actions against S. pyogenes, but it was not possible to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The extracts inhibited the growth of C. albicans and C. krusei with MIC of 0.03 mg/mL. The antibiofilm activity of these species did not present either a dose dependence relationship or a synergistic effect when associated with the antifungal Fluconazole®. Conclusion: although there are indications of antimicrobial and inhibitory action in the formation of biofilm, additional studies are necessary to characterize the possible pharmacological effects of the analyzed specie.


Introdução: Cucurbita pepo L. é uma planta herbácea pertencente à família Cucurbitaceae. A espécie é usada popularmente em diferentes países para tratamento de diabetes e parasitoses. Objetivo: esse trabalho objetivou avaliar o potencial antimicrobiano e antibiofilme de extratos aquosos de folhas e sementes de C. pepo. Metodologia: os extratos foram testados in vitro contra cepas de Streptococcus pyogenes, Candida albicans e Candida krusei. A atividade antimicrobiana foi realizada pelo método de microtitulação e a atividade antibiofilme pelo método de cristal de violeta. Resultados: os resultados demonstraram que os extratos testados apresentaram ação contra S. pyogenes, tanto em relação ao controle do crescimento bacteriano como inibição de formação de biofilme, mas não foi possível determinar a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM). Os extratos inibiram o crescimento C. albicans e C. krusei com CIM de 0.03 mg/mL. A atividade antibiofilme dessas espécies não apresentou relação de dose dependência nem de efeito sinérgico quando associado ao antifúngico Fluconazol®. Conclusão: Embora haja indicativos de ação antimicrobiana e inibitória na formação de biofilme, são necessários estudos adicionais para a caracterização dos possíveis efeitos farmacológicos da espécie analisada.


Subject(s)
Plants , Streptococcus pyogenes , Candida albicans , Cucurbita pepo , Cucurbitaceae , Fluconazole
15.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 80(5): 531-540, ago. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1287207

ABSTRACT

Resumen Las infecciones graves de piel y partes blandas presentan una elevada morbimortalidad y requieren un complejo tratamiento quirúrgico. Su incidencia anual está estimada en 0.3 a 5 casos por 10 000 personas. Los agentes etiológicos más comunes son Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, anaerobios y bacilos Gram negativos. El diagnóstico precoz y el tratamiento oportuno, tanto empírico antibiótico como quirúrgico, determinan el pronóstico. Existen nuevas opciones terapéuticas para estas infecciones, especialmente las producidas por gérmenes multirresistentes. Un enfoque terapéutico multidisciplinario es fundamental para su correcto manejo.


Abstract Severe skin and soft tissue infections present a high morbidity and mortality and require a complex surgical treatment. Its estimated annual incidence is 0.3 to 5 cases per 10 000 people. The most common etiologic agents are Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, anaerobes and gram-negative bacilli. A prompt diagnosis and the timely initiation of an empirical antibiotic scheme and repeated surgical debridement can avert a worrisome outcome. New therapeutic options are promising, especially for infections caused by multidrug resistant germs. A multidisciplinary approach is fundamental for the correct management of these conditions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Soft Tissue Infections/diagnosis , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Streptococcus pyogenes , Skin Diseases, Bacterial/diagnosis , Skin Diseases, Bacterial/therapy , Soft Tissue Infections/therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
16.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 118(3): e309-e312, jun. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1116997

ABSTRACT

La meningitis por estreptococo beta hemolítico, en particular del grupo A, o Streptococcus pyogenes, es una rara localización del grupo de infecciones invasivas por este microorganismo. Se presenta con frecuencia en niños sanos, sin factores predisponentes. Representa el 0,2-1 % de todas las meningitis. Generalmente, se instala por diseminación de la infección de un foco cercano. El agregado de clindamicina mejora la eficacia del tratamiento por su acción de inhibición de la síntesis proteica, que incluye la producción de toxina. La clindamicina incrementa la acción bactericida al actuar sobre el ribosoma bacteriano. La patogenia de la enfermedad no es clara; se propuso la asociación con exotoxinas. La coinfección con el virus influenza favorecería infecciones invasivas. Se presenta el caso de un niño de 6 años de edad previamente sano con diagnóstico de meningitis por estreptococo beta hemolítico del grupo A, localización poco frecuente en niños.


Beta hemolytic particularly of group A Streptococcus meningitis, is a rare site of the group of invasive infections caused by this microorganism. It occurs frequently in healthy children, without predisposing factors. It represents 0.2-1 % of all meningitis. It is usually installed by dissemination from a nearby focus. The addition of clindamycin improves the treatment efficacy by inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis, including toxin production. The pathogenesis of the disease is not clear, the association with exotoxins was proposed. Co-infection with the influenza virus would favor invasive infections. We present this case of a previously healthy 6-year-old boy with a diagnosis of beta hemolytic Streptococcus meningitis group A, a rare location in children.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Meningitis/diagnosis , Streptococcus pyogenes , Clindamycin/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
17.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 118(2): e166-e169, abr. 2020. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1100425

ABSTRACT

La mastoiditis aguda es una infección de las celdillas mastoideas, generalmente, secundaria a la progresión de una otitis media aguda. Las bacterias aisladas con más frecuencia en las mastoiditis son Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes y Staphylococcus aureus. La infección mastoidea puede extenderse por contigüidad, afectar a estructuras vecinas y dar lugar a complicaciones intra- o extracraneales. Las más frecuentes son las intracraneales, entre las que se incluyen la meningitis, el absceso cerebeloso o del lóbulo temporal, el absceso epi- o subdural y la trombosis de senos venosos.Se presenta el caso de una niña de 4 años que desarrolló dos complicaciones intracraneales (absceso epidural y trombosis de senos venosos transverso y sigmoideo) a partir de una mastoiditis aguda producida por Streptococus pyogenes


Acute mastoiditis is an infection that affects the mastoid air-cell system, usually due to the progression of an acute otitis media. The bacteria most frequently isolated in acute mastoiditis are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. The mastoid infection can extend affecting contiguous structures and producing intra or extracranial complications. The most frequent ones are intracranial complications, including meningitis, temporal lobe or cerebellar abscess, epidural or subdural abscess and venous sinus thrombosis.We present the case of a 4-year-old girl who developed two intracranial complications (intracranial epidural abscess and transverse and sigmoid sinus thrombosis) initiated in an acute mastoiditis produced by Streptococcus pyogenes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child, Preschool , Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial/diagnostic imaging , Streptococcus pyogenes , Epidural Abscess/diagnostic imaging , Mastoiditis/complications , Mastoiditis/drug therapy , Mastoiditis/diagnostic imaging
18.
J. oral res. (Impresa) ; 9(1): 44-50, feb. 28, 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1151468

ABSTRACT

Orofacial infections are considered as one of most common infections and need rapid and adequate treatment as they affect a very delicate region and are associated with serious life-threatening complications. Orofacial infections can be either odontogenic that is with an origin in teeth and associated structures or non-odontogenic, not associated with teeth, can affect facial spaces and spread from one space to another, so a good knowledge about diagnosis and treating these infections is of utmost importance, and can include both non-surgical and surgical treatment. The aim of our study was to determine the most common cause of orofacial infections, the most common bacterial microorganisms and their antibiotic susceptibility. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was undertaken in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Al-Shaheed Ghazi Al-Hariry Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq from 1st January to 30th September 2015. This study included 45 patients with different forms of orofacial infections; data regarding age, gender, underlying cause, facial space involvement, presenting signs were collected through history, clinical examination and radiographs, incision and drainage with swab sample for culture and sensitivity test was performed. Results: Patients with orofacial infections showed a female to male ratio of 1.25:1. The mean age was 32.8 years. Most of the patients were in their 4th decade of life (27%). Most infections were odontogenic in origin (62%), the most common facial space involved was submandibular (65%), the most common isolated microorganism was Streptococcus pyogenes (59%), and most patients were treated using an extra-oral surgical approach (78%). Antibiotics to which bacterial isolated showed the most sensitivity were netilmicin, cefoperazone and rifampicin (91%). Pain and limitation of mouth opening gradually decreased in most of patients during the two weeks follow up period. Conclusion: Orofacial infections were more common in females, in the third and fourth decade of life, were odontogenic in origin, were mostly caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, and most isolates were susceptible to netilmicin, cefoperazone and rifampicin. Pain and trismus decreased over two weeks post-treatment.


Las infecciones orofaciales se consideran una de las infecciones más comunes y necesitan un tratamiento rápido y adecuado, ya que afectan una región muy delicada y se asocian con complicaciones graves que amenazan la vida. Las infecciones orofaciales pueden ser odontogénicas que se originan en los dientes y las estructuras asociadas, o no odontogénicas, no asociadas con los dientes, pueden afectar los espacios faciales y propagarse de un espacio a otro, por lo que un buen conocimiento sobre el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de estas infecciones es de suma importancia, y puede incluir tratamiento no quirúrgico y quirúrgico. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue determinar la causa más común de infecciones orofaciales, los microorganismos bacterianos más comunes y su susceptibilidad a los antibióticos. Material y Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo en el Departamento de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial, Hospital Al-Shaheed Ghazi Al-Hariry, Bagdad, Iraq del 1 de enero al 30 de septiembre de 2015. Este estudio incluyó a 45 pacientes con diferentes formas de infecciones orofaciales; Se recopilaron datos sobre edad, sexo, causa subyacente, afectación del espacio facial, signos de presentación a través de la historia, examen clínico y radiografías, incisión y drenaje con muestra de hisopo para cultivo y prueba de sensibilidad. Resultado: Los pacientes con infecciones orofaciales mostraron una relación mujer/hombre de 1.25: 1. La edad media fue de 32,8 años. La mayoría de los pacientes estaban en su cuarta década de vida (27%). La mayoría de las infecciones fueron de origen odontogénico (62%), el espacio facial más común involucrado fue submandibular (65%), el microorganismo aislado más común fue Streptococcus pyogenes (59%), y la mayoría de los pacientes fueron tratados con un abordaje quirúrgico extraoral (78%). Los antibióticos a los que las bacterias aisladas mostraron mayor sensibilidad fueron netilmicina, cefoperazona y rifampicina (91%). El dolor y la limitación de la apertura de la boca disminuyeron gradualmente en la mayoría de los pacientes durante el período de seguimiento de dos semanas. Conclusión:Las infecciones orofaciales fueron más comunes en las mujeres, en la tercera y cuarta década de la vida, fueron de origen odontogénico, fueron causadas principalmente por Streptococcus pyogenes y la mayoría de los aislamientos fueron susceptibles a la netilmicina, cefoperazona y rifampicina. El dolor y el trismo disminuyeron durante las dos semanas posteriores al tratamiento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Periodontal Diseases/therapy , Jaw Diseases/etiology , Infection Control, Dental , Streptococcus pyogenes , Bacterial Infections , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Netilmicin/therapeutic use , Jaw Diseases/surgery , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Iraq , Ludwig's Angina/therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
19.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 117(6): 679-683, dic. 2019. ilus
Article in Spanish | BINACIS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1051379

ABSTRACT

Las infecciones por Streptococcus pyogenes son frecuentes en la población pediátrica en forma de faringoamigdalitis o cuadros cutáneos. Con menor frecuencia, se presenta con formas invasivas, tales como piomiositis o fascitis necrotizante. La mortalidad en niños reportada en estas últimas es de un 7,69 %. Se presenta a una paciente de 11 años con malformación venolinfática subescapular que consultó por síndrome febril asociado a dolor y aumento agudo del tamaño de la lesión. Durante la internación, se arribó al diagnóstico de piomiositis por Streptococcus pyogenes


Streptococcus pyogenes infections are common in the pediatric population in the form of tonsillopharyngitis or cutaneous disease. Less frequently, it presents with invasive forms such as pyomyositis or necrotizing fasciitis. Mortality in children is of 7 %. We present an 11-year-old patient with a subscapular venolymphatic malformation who consulted for febrile syndrome associated with pain and an acute increase in the size of the lesion. During the hospitalization, diagnosis of pyomyositis due to Streptococcus pyogenes was reached.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Pyomyositis/diagnosis , Streptococcus pyogenes , Bacteremia , Vascular Malformations
20.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 31(4): 586-591, out.-dez. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058044

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Dentre as infecções causadas por Streptococcus β hemolyticus do grupo A de Lancefield, talvez a síndrome do choque tóxico seja a mais grave, com alto índice de mortalidade. A semelhança clínica com outras formas de choque, principalmente séptico, pode, muitas vezes, confundir o avaliador e interferir na escolha da terapêutica mais adequada. Esse relato tem o objetivo de auxiliar seus leitores quanto à necessidade de adicionar tal síndrome como diagnóstico diferencial, frente a quadros de choque, principalmente aqueles que não apresentam manifestações clínicas bem definidas. Para isso, apresentamos o quadro de um lactente com sintomas gripais comuns, que evoluiu rapidamente com exantema, rebaixamento do nível de consciência, sinais clínicos e laboratoriais de choque, com necessidade de suporte intensivo. Além de culturas indicando o agente etiológico, o aparecimento de exantema e fasciíte necrosante levou ao diagnóstico, mas, em menos de 50% dos casos temos sinais clínicos clássicos dessa entidade. As penicilinas em terapia combinada com aminoglicosídeos ainda são a terapia de escolha e possuem alto nível de evidência. Apesar da gravidade a evolução foi satisfatória.


ABSTRACT Among the infections caused by Streptococcus β hemolyticus from the Lancefield serogroup A, toxic shock syndrome is perhaps the most severe, and its mortality rate is high. Its clinical similarity to other forms of shock, especially septic shock, can often confuse the evaluator and interfere with the selection of the most appropriate therapy. This report aims to inform readers of the need to add this syndrome as a differential diagnosis in cases of shock, especially those with no well-defined clinical manifestations. For this purpose, we present the case of an infant with common flu-like symptoms who progressed rapidly with a rash, a reduced level of consciousness and clinical and laboratory signs of shock that required intensive support. In addition to cultures indicating the etiological agent, the appearance of exanthema and necrotizing fasciitis led to the diagnosis. However, less than 50% of cases present classic clinical signs of this entity. Penicillins combined with aminoglycosides are still the therapy of choice and are supported by a high level of evidence. Despite the severity of this patient's presentation, the progression was satisfactory.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant, Newborn , Shock, Septic , Streptococcal Infections/diagnosis , Streptococcus pyogenes/isolation & purification , Shock, Septic/microbiology , Shock, Septic/therapy , Streptococcal Infections/microbiology , Streptococcal Infections/therapy , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Diagnosis, Differential
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